use crate::ir::{NodeId, TrigGraph, TrigOp};
use std::collections::HashSet;

/// Parallelism classification for a subexpression.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ParallelClass {
    /// Commutative, associative: union, add. Branches evaluate independently.
    Additive,
    /// Same operation applied N times: scale, repetition.
    Multiplicative,
    /// difference, intersection. Parallelizable if operands are independent.
    Divisive,
    /// True data dependency — must evaluate sequentially.
    Sequential,
}

/// An independent subtree identified in the DAG.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Subtree {
    pub root: NodeId,
    pub nodes: HashSet<NodeId>,
    pub inputs: HashSet<NodeId>,
}

/// Identify independent subtrees in a TrigGraph.
///
/// Two subtrees are independent if they share no intermediate nodes
/// (they may share inputs like InputX/Y/Z and constants).
pub fn find_independent_subtrees(graph: &TrigGraph) -> Vec<Subtree> {
    let output = graph.output;
    let root_op = &graph.nodes[output as usize];

    // Only split at union/intersection/add (commutative operations)
    match root_op {
        TrigOp::Min(a, b) | TrigOp::Max(a, b)
        | TrigOp::Add(a, b) => {
            let left = collect_subtree(graph, *a);
            let right = collect_subtree(graph, *b);

            // Check independence: no shared non-input nodes
            let shared: HashSet<NodeId> = left.nodes.intersection(&right.nodes)
                .copied()
                .filter(|&id| !is_shared_input(&graph.nodes[id as usize]))
                .collect();

            if shared.is_empty() {
                return vec![left, right];
            }
        }
        _ => {}
    }

    // Entire graph is one subtree
    vec![collect_subtree(graph, output)]
}

/// Classify the parallelism of the root operation.
pub fn classify_root(graph: &TrigGraph) -> ParallelClass {
    match &graph.nodes[graph.output as usize] {
        TrigOp::Min(_, _) | TrigOp::Add(_, _) => ParallelClass::Additive,
        TrigOp::Mul(_, _) | TrigOp::Div(_, _) => ParallelClass::Multiplicative,
        TrigOp::Max(_, _) | TrigOp::Sub(_, _) => ParallelClass::Divisive,
        _ => ParallelClass::Sequential,
    }
}

/// Recursively count the maximum parallelism depth.
/// Returns how many independent branches exist at each level.
pub fn parallelism_depth(graph: &TrigGraph) -> Vec<usize> {
    let mut levels: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
    count_branches(graph, graph.output, 0, &mut levels);
    levels
}

fn count_branches(graph: &TrigGraph, node: NodeId, depth: usize, levels: &mut Vec<usize>) {
    while levels.len() <= depth {
        levels.push(0);
    }

    match &graph.nodes[node as usize] {
        // Splittable operations — both children are independent branches
        TrigOp::Min(a, b) | TrigOp::Add(a, b) => {
            levels[depth] += 2;
            count_branches(graph, *a, depth + 1, levels);
            count_branches(graph, *b, depth + 1, levels);
        }
        // Non-commutative but still two-operand
        TrigOp::Max(a, b) | TrigOp::Sub(a, b) | TrigOp::Mul(a, b) | TrigOp::Div(a, b)
        | TrigOp::Hypot(a, b) | TrigOp::Atan2(a, b) => {
            levels[depth] += 1;
            count_branches(graph, *a, depth + 1, levels);
            count_branches(graph, *b, depth + 1, levels);
        }
        // Single-operand
        TrigOp::Neg(a) | TrigOp::Abs(a)
        | TrigOp::Sin(a) | TrigOp::Cos(a) | TrigOp::Tan(a)
        | TrigOp::Asin(a) | TrigOp::Acos(a) | TrigOp::Atan(a)
        | TrigOp::Sinh(a) | TrigOp::Cosh(a) | TrigOp::Tanh(a)
        | TrigOp::Asinh(a) | TrigOp::Acosh(a) | TrigOp::Atanh(a)
        | TrigOp::Sqrt(a) | TrigOp::Exp(a) | TrigOp::Ln(a) => {
            levels[depth] += 1;
            count_branches(graph, *a, depth + 1, levels);
        }
        TrigOp::Clamp { val, lo, hi } => {
            levels[depth] += 1;
            count_branches(graph, *val, depth + 1, levels);
            count_branches(graph, *lo, depth + 1, levels);
            count_branches(graph, *hi, depth + 1, levels);
        }
        // Leaves
        _ => {
            levels[depth] += 1;
        }
    }
}

fn collect_subtree(graph: &TrigGraph, root: NodeId) -> Subtree {
    let mut nodes = HashSet::new();
    let mut inputs = HashSet::new();
    let mut stack = vec![root];

    while let Some(id) = stack.pop() {
        if !nodes.insert(id) {
            continue;
        }

        let op = &graph.nodes[id as usize];
        if is_shared_input(op) {
            inputs.insert(id);
        }

        match op {
            TrigOp::Add(a, b) | TrigOp::Sub(a, b) | TrigOp::Mul(a, b) | TrigOp::Div(a, b)
            | TrigOp::Hypot(a, b) | TrigOp::Atan2(a, b)
            | TrigOp::Min(a, b) | TrigOp::Max(a, b) => {
                stack.push(*a);
                stack.push(*b);
            }
            TrigOp::Neg(a) | TrigOp::Abs(a)
            | TrigOp::Sin(a) | TrigOp::Cos(a) | TrigOp::Tan(a)
            | TrigOp::Asin(a) | TrigOp::Acos(a) | TrigOp::Atan(a)
            | TrigOp::Sinh(a) | TrigOp::Cosh(a) | TrigOp::Tanh(a)
            | TrigOp::Asinh(a) | TrigOp::Acosh(a) | TrigOp::Atanh(a)
            | TrigOp::Sqrt(a) | TrigOp::Exp(a) | TrigOp::Ln(a) => {
                stack.push(*a);
            }
            TrigOp::Clamp { val, lo, hi } => {
                stack.push(*val);
                stack.push(*lo);
                stack.push(*hi);
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    Subtree { root, nodes, inputs }
}

fn is_shared_input(op: &TrigOp) -> bool {
    matches!(op, TrigOp::InputX | TrigOp::InputY | TrigOp::InputZ | TrigOp::Const(_))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn union_splits_into_two() {
        let mut g = TrigGraph::new();
        let x = g.push(TrigOp::InputX);
        let y = g.push(TrigOp::InputY);
        let z = g.push(TrigOp::InputZ);

        // sphere(1): hypot(hypot(x,y),z) - 1
        let xy = g.push(TrigOp::Hypot(x, y));
        let mag = g.push(TrigOp::Hypot(xy, z));
        let r1 = g.push(TrigOp::Const(1.0));
        let s1 = g.push(TrigOp::Sub(mag, r1));

        // sphere(1) translated: same but with offset
        let ox = g.push(TrigOp::Const(3.0));
        let dx = g.push(TrigOp::Sub(x, ox));
        let xy2 = g.push(TrigOp::Hypot(dx, y));
        let mag2 = g.push(TrigOp::Hypot(xy2, z));
        let r2 = g.push(TrigOp::Const(1.0));
        let s2 = g.push(TrigOp::Sub(mag2, r2));

        // union
        let u = g.push(TrigOp::Min(s1, s2));
        g.set_output(u);

        let subtrees = find_independent_subtrees(&g);
        assert_eq!(subtrees.len(), 2, "union of two spheres should split into 2 subtrees");
    }

    #[test]
    fn classify_union() {
        let mut g = TrigGraph::new();
        let a = g.push(TrigOp::Const(1.0));
        let b = g.push(TrigOp::Const(2.0));
        let u = g.push(TrigOp::Min(a, b));
        g.set_output(u);
        assert_eq!(classify_root(&g), ParallelClass::Additive);
    }

    #[test]
    fn classify_difference() {
        let mut g = TrigGraph::new();
        let a = g.push(TrigOp::Const(1.0));
        let b = g.push(TrigOp::Const(2.0));
        let d = g.push(TrigOp::Max(a, b));
        g.set_output(d);
        assert_eq!(classify_root(&g), ParallelClass::Divisive);
    }
}