diff --git a/compile/src/lib.rs b/compile/src/lib.rs
index 262fa1f..1192ddb 100644
--- a/compile/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compile/src/lib.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,11 @@ pub fn decompose(source: &str) -> Result<Decomposed, String> {
 /// decomposes with a custom hook for external extensions.
 pub fn decompose_with(source: &str, hook: &dyn DecomposeHook) -> Result<Decomposed, String> {
     let stmts = parse_program(source)?;
+    decompose_stmts(&stmts, hook)
+}
+
+/// decomposes a pre-parsed statement list.
+pub fn decompose_stmts(stmts: &[Stmt], hook: &dyn DecomposeHook) -> Result<Decomposed, String> {
     let mut deps = Vec::new();
     let mut out = String::new();
     out.push_str(GENERATED_PRELUDE);
@@ -56,18 +61,28 @@ pub fn decompose_with(source: &str, hook: &dyn DecomposeHook) -> Result<Decompos
         out.push_str(&extra);
         out.push('\n');
     }
-    emit_program(&mut out, &stmts, &mut deps, hook)?;
+    emit_program(&mut out, stmts, &mut deps, hook)?;
     Ok(Decomposed { code: out, deps })
 }
 
+/// dispatch-table entry: type, method, fn name, arity.
+struct MethodReg {
+    ty: String,
+    method: String,
+    fn_name: String,
+    arity: usize,
+}
+
 fn emit_program(out: &mut String, stmts: &[Stmt], deps: &mut Vec<Dependency>, hook: &dyn DecomposeHook) -> Result<(), String> {
     let mut uses = Vec::new();
     let mut fns = Vec::new();
+    let mut impls = Vec::new();
     let mut rest = Vec::new();
     for s in stmts {
         match s {
             Stmt::Use(..) => uses.push(s),
             Stmt::FnDef { .. } => fns.push(s),
+            Stmt::ImplBlock { .. } | Stmt::TraitDef { .. } => impls.push(s),
             _ => rest.push(s),
         }
     }
@@ -81,15 +96,77 @@ fn emit_program(out: &mut String, stmts: &[Stmt], deps: &mut Vec<Dependency>, ho
         emit_stmt(out, s, 0, deps, hook)?;
         out.push('\n');
     }
+
+    let mut regs: Vec<MethodReg> = Vec::new();
+    for s in &impls {
+        if let Stmt::ImplBlock { type_name, methods, .. } = s {
+            emit_impl(out, type_name, methods, &mut regs, deps, hook)?;
+            out.push('\n');
+        }
+    }
+
     indent(out, 0, "pub fn run() -> V {");
     for s in &rest {
         emit_stmt(out, s, 1, deps, hook)?;
     }
     indent(out, 1, "V::Void");
     indent(out, 0, "}");
+    out.push('\n');
+
+    emit_dispatch(out, &regs);
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// emits each impl method as a dispatch-registered free function.
+fn emit_impl(
+    out: &mut String,
+    type_name: &str,
+    methods: &[Stmt],
+    regs: &mut Vec<MethodReg>,
+    deps: &mut Vec<Dependency>,
+    hook: &dyn DecomposeHook,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    for m in methods {
+        let Stmt::FnDef { name, params, body, .. } = m else { continue };
+        let fn_name = format!("{}__{}", ident(type_name), ident(name));
+        let param_list: String = params.iter()
+            .map(|(p, _)| format!("mut {}: V", ident(p)))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(", ");
+        indent(out, 0, &format!("pub fn {}({}) -> V {{", fn_name, param_list));
+        for s in body {
+            emit_stmt(out, s, 1, deps, hook)?;
+        }
+        indent(out, 1, "V::Void");
+        indent(out, 0, "}");
+        regs.push(MethodReg {
+            ty: type_name.to_string(),
+            method: name.clone(),
+            fn_name,
+            arity: params.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// emits the runtime dispatch table keyed on the struct __type tag.
+fn emit_dispatch(out: &mut String, regs: &[MethodReg]) {
+    out.push_str("fn v_dispatch(ty: &str, method: &str, args: &[V]) -> Option<V> {\n");
+    out.push_str("    match (ty, method) {\n");
+    for r in regs {
+        let call_args: String = (0..r.arity)
+            .map(|i| format!("args.get({}).cloned().unwrap_or(V::Void)", i))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(", ");
+        out.push_str(&format!(
+            "        ({:?}, {:?}) => Some({}({})),\n",
+            r.ty, r.method, r.fn_name, call_args
+        ));
+    }
+    out.push_str("        _ => None,\n");
+    out.push_str("    }\n}\n");
+}
+
 fn emit_stmt(out: &mut String, stmt: &Stmt, depth: usize, deps: &mut Vec<Dependency>, hook: &dyn DecomposeHook) -> Result<(), String> {
     if let Some(custom) = hook.stmt(stmt) {
         indent(out, depth, &custom);
@@ -194,24 +271,8 @@ fn emit_stmt(out: &mut String, stmt: &Stmt, depth: usize, deps: &mut Vec<Depende
             ));
             indent(out, depth, "}");
         }
-        Stmt::TraitDef { name, methods } => {
-            indent(out, depth, &format!("pub trait {} {{", ident(name)));
-            for m in methods {
-                indent(out, depth + 1, &format!("fn {}(&self) -> V;", ident(m)));
-            }
-            indent(out, depth, "}");
-        }
-        Stmt::ImplBlock { type_name, trait_name, methods } => {
-            let header = match trait_name {
-                Some(t) => format!("impl {} for {} {{", ident(t), ident(type_name)),
-                None => format!("impl {} {{", ident(type_name)),
-            };
-            indent(out, depth, &header);
-            for m in methods {
-                emit_stmt(out, m, depth + 1, deps, hook)?;
-            }
-            indent(out, depth, "}");
-        }
+        // hoisted to free functions in emit_program.
+        Stmt::TraitDef { .. } | Stmt::ImplBlock { .. } => {}
     }
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -344,6 +405,7 @@ fn indent(out: &mut String, depth: usize, line: &str) {
 }
 
 fn ident(name: &str) -> String {
+    if name == "self" { return "self_".into(); }
     if RESERVED.contains(&name) { format!("r#{}", name) } else { name.replace('-', "_") }
 }
 
@@ -405,25 +467,41 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for V {
 }
 
 fn v_num(v: &V) -> f64 { match v { V::Num(n) => *n, V::Bool(b) => if *b { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }, _ => 0.0 } }
-fn v_truthy(v: &V) -> bool { match v { V::Bool(b) => *b, V::Num(n) => *n != 0.0, V::Str(s) => !s.is_empty(), V::Array(a) => !a.is_empty(), _ => false } }
+fn v_truthy(v: &V) -> bool { match v { V::Bool(b) => *b, V::Num(n) => *n != 0.0, V::Str(s) => !s.is_empty(), V::Array(a) => !a.is_empty(), V::Struct(m) => !m.is_empty(), _ => false } }
 
-fn v_neg(a: &V) -> V { V::Num(-v_num(a)) }
-fn v_not(a: &V) -> V { V::Bool(!v_truthy(a)) }
-fn v_strip(a: &V) -> V { match a { V::Str(s) => V::Str(s.trim().into()), _ => a.clone() } }
+fn v_struct_type(v: &V) -> Option<String> {
+    if let V::Struct(m) = v {
+        if let Some(V::Str(t)) = m.get("__type") { return Some(t.clone()); }
+    }
+    None
+}
 
-fn v_add(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { match (a, b) { (V::Str(s1), V::Str(s2)) => V::Str(format!("{}{}", s1, s2)), (V::Array(a1), V::Array(a2)) => V::Array([a1.as_slice(), a2.as_slice()].concat()), _ => V::Num(v_num(a) + v_num(b)) } }
-fn v_sub(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Num(v_num(a) - v_num(b)) }
-fn v_mul(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Num(v_num(a) * v_num(b)) }
-fn v_div(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { let d = v_num(b); V::Num(if d == 0.0 { f64::NAN } else { v_num(a) / d }) }
-fn v_rem(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Num(v_num(a) % v_num(b)) }
-fn v_pow(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Num(v_num(a).powf(v_num(b))) }
+fn v_binop_overload(method: &str, a: &V, b: &V) -> Option<V> {
+    if let Some(t) = v_struct_type(a) { return v_dispatch(&t, method, &[a.clone(), b.clone()]); }
+    None
+}
+fn v_unop_overload(method: &str, a: &V) -> Option<V> {
+    if let Some(t) = v_struct_type(a) { return v_dispatch(&t, method, &[a.clone()]); }
+    None
+}
 
-fn v_eq(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Bool(a == b) }
-fn v_neq(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Bool(a != b) }
-fn v_lt(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Bool(v_num(a) < v_num(b)) }
-fn v_gt(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Bool(v_num(a) > v_num(b)) }
-fn v_lte(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Bool(v_num(a) <= v_num(b)) }
-fn v_gte(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Bool(v_num(a) >= v_num(b)) }
+fn v_neg(a: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_unop_overload("neg", a) { return r; } V::Num(-v_num(a)) }
+fn v_not(a: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_unop_overload("not", a) { return r; } V::Bool(!v_truthy(a)) }
+fn v_strip(a: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_unop_overload("strip", a) { return r; } match a { V::Str(s) => V::Str(s.trim().into()), V::Bool(b) => V::Num(if *b { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }), _ => a.clone() } }
+
+fn v_add(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("add", a, b) { return r; } match (a, b) { (V::Str(s1), V::Str(s2)) => V::Str(format!("{}{}", s1, s2)), (V::Str(s), o) => V::Str(format!("{}{}", s, o)), (o, V::Str(s)) => V::Str(format!("{}{}", o, s)), (V::Array(a1), V::Array(a2)) => V::Array([a1.as_slice(), a2.as_slice()].concat()), (V::Array(a1), o) => { let mut v = a1.clone(); v.push(o.clone()); V::Array(v) }, (o, V::Array(a2)) => { let mut v = vec![o.clone()]; v.extend(a2.iter().cloned()); V::Array(v) }, _ => V::Num(v_num(a) + v_num(b)) } }
+fn v_sub(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("sub", a, b) { return r; } V::Num(v_num(a) - v_num(b)) }
+fn v_mul(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("mul", a, b) { return r; } V::Num(v_num(a) * v_num(b)) }
+fn v_div(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("div", a, b) { return r; } let d = v_num(b); V::Num(if d == 0.0 { f64::NAN } else { v_num(a) / d }) }
+fn v_rem(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("rem", a, b) { return r; } V::Num(v_num(a) % v_num(b)) }
+fn v_pow(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("pow", a, b) { return r; } V::Num(v_num(a).powf(v_num(b))) }
+
+fn v_eq(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("eq", a, b) { return r; } V::Bool(a == b) }
+fn v_neq(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("ne", a, b) { return r; } V::Bool(a != b) }
+fn v_lt(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("lt", a, b) { return r; } V::Bool(v_num(a) < v_num(b)) }
+fn v_gt(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("gt", a, b) { return r; } V::Bool(v_num(a) > v_num(b)) }
+fn v_lte(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("le", a, b) { return r; } V::Bool(v_num(a) <= v_num(b)) }
+fn v_gte(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { if let Some(r) = v_binop_overload("ge", a, b) { return r; } V::Bool(v_num(a) >= v_num(b)) }
 fn v_and(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Bool(v_truthy(a) && v_truthy(b)) }
 fn v_or(a: &V, b: &V) -> V { V::Bool(v_truthy(a) || v_truthy(b)) }
 
@@ -484,7 +562,14 @@ fn v_cell_table(_table: &str) -> V { V::Array(Vec::new()) }
 fn v_cell_set(_table: &str, _col: u32, _row: u32, _val: &V) {}
 fn v_solve_newton(_target_var: &str, _source_fn: &str) -> V { V::Void }
 fn v_solve_call(_var: &str, _source_fn: &str) -> V { V::Void }
-fn v_method_call(_recv: &V, _method: &str, _args: &[V]) -> V { V::Void }
+fn v_method_call(recv: &V, method: &str, args: &[V]) -> V {
+    if let Some(t) = v_struct_type(recv) {
+        let mut full = vec![recv.clone()];
+        full.extend_from_slice(args);
+        if let Some(r) = v_dispatch(&t, method, &full) { return r; }
+    }
+    V::Void
+}
 
 // --- generated code below ---
 
@@ -616,4 +701,79 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(r.code.contains("use sitter::scene::primitives;"));
         assert_eq!(r.deps[0].segments, vec!["sitter", "scene", "primitives"]);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn impl_method_emits_free_fn_and_dispatch() {
+        let out = dec("impl Vec2 {\n    fn new(x, y) {\n        return {__type: \"Vec2\", x: x, y: y}\n    }\n    fn add(self, other) {\n        return Vec2::new(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)\n    }\n}");
+        assert!(out.contains("pub fn Vec2__new("));
+        assert!(out.contains("pub fn Vec2__add(mut self_: V, mut other: V)"));
+        assert!(out.contains("(\"Vec2\", \"add\") => Some(Vec2__add("));
+        assert!(!out.contains("impl Vec2"));
+    }
+
+    /// rustc compile-and-run check of operator overloading and method dispatch.
+    #[test]
+    fn decomposed_binary_runs_with_correct_results() {
+        let src = "\
+impl Vec2 {
+    fn new(x, y) {
+        return {__type: \"Vec2\", x: x, y: y}
+    }
+    fn add(self, other) {
+        return Vec2::new(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)
+    }
+    fn len2(self) {
+        return self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y
+    }
+}
+let a = Vec2::new(1, 2)
+let b = Vec2::new(3, 4)
+let c = a + b
+";
+        let mut code = dec(src);
+        code.push_str(r#"
+fn main() {
+    let a = Vec2__new(V::Num(1.0), V::Num(2.0));
+    let b = Vec2__new(V::Num(3.0), V::Num(4.0));
+    let c = v_add(&a, &b);
+    assert_eq!(v_field(&c, "x"), V::Num(4.0));
+    assert_eq!(v_field(&c, "y"), V::Num(6.0));
+    let l = v_method_call(&a, "len2", &[]);
+    assert_eq!(l, V::Num(5.0));
+    let _ = run();
+    println!("OK");
+}
+"#);
+
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("acord-dec-compile-{}", std::process::id()));
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let src_path = dir.join("prog.rs");
+        let bin_path = dir.join("prog");
+        std::fs::write(&src_path, &code).unwrap();
+
+        let compile = std::process::Command::new("rustc")
+            .arg("--edition").arg("2021")
+            .arg("-O")
+            .arg(&src_path)
+            .arg("-o").arg(&bin_path)
+            .output();
+
+        let compile = match compile {
+            Ok(c) => c,
+            Err(_) => { std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).ok(); return; }
+        };
+        assert!(
+            compile.status.success(),
+            "rustc failed:\n{}\n--- source ---\n{}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&compile.stderr),
+            code
+        );
+
+        let run = std::process::Command::new(&bin_path).output().unwrap();
+        assert!(run.status.success(), "binary panicked:\n{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&run.stderr));
+        assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&run.stdout).trim(), "OK");
+
+        std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).ok();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/interp/ast.rs b/core/src/interp/ast.rs
index c502e3f..43815f7 100644
--- a/core/src/interp/ast.rs
+++ b/core/src/interp/ast.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Op {
     Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Mod, Pow,
     Eq, Neq, Lt, Gt, Lte, Gte,
@@ -6,6 +6,30 @@ pub enum Op {
     Strip,
 }
 
+impl Op {
+    /// maps an operator to its overload method name.
+    pub fn overload_method(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        Some(match self {
+            Op::Add => "add",
+            Op::Sub => "sub",
+            Op::Mul => "mul",
+            Op::Div => "div",
+            Op::Mod => "rem",
+            Op::Pow => "pow",
+            Op::Eq => "eq",
+            Op::Neq => "ne",
+            Op::Lt => "lt",
+            Op::Gt => "gt",
+            Op::Lte => "le",
+            Op::Gte => "ge",
+            Op::Neg => "neg",
+            Op::Not => "not",
+            Op::Strip => "strip",
+            Op::And | Op::Or => return None,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Stmt {
     Let(String, Option<String>, Expr),
diff --git a/core/src/interp/eval/binop.rs b/core/src/interp/eval/binop.rs
index b346f53..bc3855b 100644
--- a/core/src/interp/eval/binop.rs
+++ b/core/src/interp/eval/binop.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ impl Interpreter {
 
         let l_raw = self.eval_expr(lhs, depth)?;
         let r_raw = self.eval_expr(rhs, depth)?;
+
+        if let Some(res) = self.try_binop_overload(*op, &l_raw, &r_raw, depth) {
+            return res;
+        }
+
         let (l, l_unit) = unwrap_spice(&l_raw);
         let (r, r_unit) = unwrap_spice(&r_raw);
         let had_unit = l_unit.is_some() || r_unit.is_some();
@@ -99,4 +104,56 @@ impl Interpreter {
         };
         Ok(retag_spice(result?, unit_after))
     }
+
+    /// dispatches a binary operator to a typed operand's impl method or an extern hook.
+    fn try_binop_overload(&mut self, op: Op, left: &Value, right: &Value, depth: u32)
+        -> Option<Result<Value, String>>
+    {
+        if let Value::Struct(s) = left {
+            let tag = s.borrow().get("__type").and_then(|v| match v {
+                Value::Str(s) => Some(s.clone()),
+                _ => None,
+            });
+            if let (Some(tag), Some(method)) = (tag, op.overload_method()) {
+                if let Some(fndef) = self.methods.get(&(tag, method.to_string())).cloned() {
+                    return Some(self.call_fndef(&fndef, &[left.clone(), right.clone()], depth));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if matches!(left, Value::Extern(_)) || matches!(right, Value::Extern(_)) {
+            let hooks = self.hooks.hooks.clone();
+            for h in &hooks {
+                if let Some(res) = h.extern_binop(self, op, left, right, depth) {
+                    return Some(res);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// dispatches a unary operator to a typed operand's impl method or an extern hook.
+    pub(crate) fn try_unop_overload(&mut self, op: Op, operand: &Value, depth: u32)
+        -> Option<Result<Value, String>>
+    {
+        if let Value::Struct(s) = operand {
+            let tag = s.borrow().get("__type").and_then(|v| match v {
+                Value::Str(s) => Some(s.clone()),
+                _ => None,
+            });
+            if let (Some(tag), Some(method)) = (tag, op.overload_method()) {
+                if let Some(fndef) = self.methods.get(&(tag, method.to_string())).cloned() {
+                    return Some(self.call_fndef(&fndef, &[operand.clone()], depth));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if matches!(operand, Value::Extern(_)) {
+            let hooks = self.hooks.hooks.clone();
+            for h in &hooks {
+                if let Some(res) = h.extern_unop(self, op, operand, depth) {
+                    return Some(res);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/interp/eval/expr.rs b/core/src/interp/eval/expr.rs
index c1ea211..9f207d0 100644
--- a/core/src/interp/eval/expr.rs
+++ b/core/src/interp/eval/expr.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ impl Interpreter {
             }
             Expr::UnaryOp(Op::Neg, inner) => {
                 let v = self.eval_expr(inner, depth)?;
+                if let Some(res) = self.try_unop_overload(Op::Neg, &v, depth) {
+                    return res;
+                }
                 match v {
                     Value::Number(n) => Ok(Value::Number(-n)),
                     _ => Err("cannot negate non-number".into()),
diff --git a/core/src/interp/hooks.rs b/core/src/interp/hooks.rs
index 03fb543..d2a8aac 100644
--- a/core/src/interp/hooks.rs
+++ b/core/src/interp/hooks.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use super::ast::{Expr, Stmt};
+use super::ast::{Expr, Op, Stmt};
 use super::parse::Parser;
 use super::token::Token;
 use super::value::{ExternHandle, Value};
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ pub trait InterpreterHook {
     fn extern_method_call(&self, _i: &mut Interpreter, _h: &ExternHandle,
         _method: &str, _args: &[Value], _depth: u32) -> Option<Result<Value, String>> { None }
     fn extern_eq(&self, _a: &ExternHandle, _b: &ExternHandle) -> Option<bool> { None }
+
+    fn extern_binop(&self, _i: &mut Interpreter, _op: Op, _left: &Value, _right: &Value, _depth: u32)
+        -> Option<Result<Value, String>> { None }
+    fn extern_unop(&self, _i: &mut Interpreter, _op: Op, _operand: &Value, _depth: u32)
+        -> Option<Result<Value, String>> { None }
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct HookList {
diff --git a/core/src/interp/mod.rs b/core/src/interp/mod.rs
index 8b28995..737f44c 100644
--- a/core/src/interp/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/interp/mod.rs
@@ -28,13 +28,12 @@ pub use modules::{extract_use_declarations, ModuleExports, UseDecl};
 pub use parse::{parse_program, Parser};
 pub use ring::RingBuf;
 pub use tables::{display_addr, parse_cell_address};
-pub use token::Token;
+pub use token::{tokenize, Token};
 pub use value::{display_value_with_type, ExternHandle, Value};
 
 use hooks::HookList;
 use spice::source_enables_spice;
 use tables::{coerce_cell_value, rows_to_value};
-use token::tokenize;
 
 pub(crate) const MAX_ITERATIONS: usize = 10_000;
 pub(crate) const MAX_CALL_DEPTH: u32 = 256;
diff --git a/core/src/interp/tests/loader.rs b/core/src/interp/tests/loader.rs
index 2893b07..c075527 100644
--- a/core/src/interp/tests/loader.rs
+++ b/core/src/interp/tests/loader.rs
@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ fn use_module_colon_submodule_loads_sibling_cord_file() {
     assert!(matches!(i.get_var("standard_outer"), Some(Value::Number(n)) if (n - 9.8).abs() < 1e-9));
     let v = i.eval("make_toroid()").unwrap();
     assert!(matches!(v, Value::Number(n) if n == 42.0));
-    // coils.cord should NOT be loaded by `use sitter::primitives`
     assert!(i.get_var("standard_turns").is_none());
 
     fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).ok();
diff --git a/core/src/interp/tests/mod.rs b/core/src/interp/tests/mod.rs
index a7b3967..e9110de 100644
--- a/core/src/interp/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/interp/tests/mod.rs
@@ -24,3 +24,4 @@ mod embedding;
 mod hooks;
 mod loader;
 mod module_paths;
+mod operators;
diff --git a/core/src/interp/tests/operators.rs b/core/src/interp/tests/operators.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07dbbc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/interp/tests/operators.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use crate::interp::*;
+
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+use super::helpers::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn struct_add_overload_dispatches_to_impl() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.exec("impl Vec2 { fn new(x, y) { return {__type: \"Vec2\", x: x, y: y} } fn add(self, other) { return Vec2::new(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y) } }").unwrap();
+    i.exec("let a = Vec2::new(1, 2)").unwrap();
+    i.exec("let b = Vec2::new(3, 4)").unwrap();
+    let v = i.eval("(a + b).x").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(v, Value::Number(n) if n == 4.0));
+    let v = i.eval("(a + b).y").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(v, Value::Number(n) if n == 6.0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn struct_mul_overload_dispatches() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.exec("impl Scale { fn new(f) { return {__type: \"Scale\", f: f} } fn mul(self, other) { return Scale::new(self.f * other.f) } }").unwrap();
+    i.exec("let a = Scale::new(3)").unwrap();
+    i.exec("let b = Scale::new(4)").unwrap();
+    let v = i.eval("(a * b).f").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(v, Value::Number(n) if n == 12.0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn struct_eq_overload_overrides_default_false() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.exec("impl Tag { fn new(id) { return {__type: \"Tag\", id: id} } fn eq(self, other) { return self.id == other.id } }").unwrap();
+    i.exec("let a = Tag::new(7)").unwrap();
+    i.exec("let b = Tag::new(7)").unwrap();
+    let v = i.eval("a == b").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(v, Value::Bool(true)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn struct_neg_overload_dispatches() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.exec("impl Money { fn new(c) { return {__type: \"Money\", c: c} } fn neg(self) { return Money::new(-self.c) } }").unwrap();
+    i.exec("let m = Money::new(5)").unwrap();
+    let v = i.eval("(-m).c").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(v, Value::Number(n) if n == -5.0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn untyped_struct_without_overload_keeps_default_behavior() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.exec("let a = {x: 1}").unwrap();
+    i.exec("let b = {x: 1}").unwrap();
+    let v = i.eval("a == b").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(v, Value::Bool(false)));
+}
+
+struct VecExtern;
+
+impl InterpreterHook for VecExtern {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str { "vec_extern" }
+    fn extern_binop(&self, _i: &mut Interpreter, op: Op, left: &Value, right: &Value, _depth: u32)
+        -> Option<Result<Value, String>>
+    {
+        let (a, b) = match (left, right) {
+            (Value::Extern(a), Value::Extern(b)) if a.kind == "vec" && b.kind == "vec" => (a.id, b.id),
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+        match op {
+            Op::Add => Some(Ok(Value::Number((a + b) as f64))),
+            Op::Eq => Some(Ok(Value::Bool(a == b))),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+    fn extern_unop(&self, _i: &mut Interpreter, op: Op, operand: &Value, _depth: u32)
+        -> Option<Result<Value, String>>
+    {
+        let id = match operand { Value::Extern(h) if h.kind == "vec" => h.id, _ => return None };
+        match op {
+            Op::Neg => Some(Ok(Value::Number(-(id as f64)))),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn extern_binop_hook_handles_addition() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.register_hook(Rc::new(VecExtern)).unwrap();
+    i.set_var("u", Value::Extern(ExternHandle { kind: "vec".into(), id: 3 }));
+    i.set_var("v", Value::Extern(ExternHandle { kind: "vec".into(), id: 4 }));
+    let r = i.eval("u + v").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(r, Value::Number(n) if n == 7.0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn extern_binop_hook_handles_equality() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.register_hook(Rc::new(VecExtern)).unwrap();
+    i.set_var("u", Value::Extern(ExternHandle { kind: "vec".into(), id: 5 }));
+    i.set_var("v", Value::Extern(ExternHandle { kind: "vec".into(), id: 5 }));
+    let r = i.eval("u == v").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(r, Value::Bool(true)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn extern_unop_hook_handles_negation() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.register_hook(Rc::new(VecExtern)).unwrap();
+    i.set_var("u", Value::Extern(ExternHandle { kind: "vec".into(), id: 9 }));
+    let r = i.eval("-u").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(r, Value::Number(n) if n == -9.0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn extern_binop_falls_through_when_hook_declines() {
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.register_hook(Rc::new(VecExtern)).unwrap();
+    i.set_var("u", Value::Extern(ExternHandle { kind: "other".into(), id: 1 }));
+    i.set_var("v", Value::Extern(ExternHandle { kind: "other".into(), id: 2 }));
+    let r = i.eval("u + v");
+    assert!(r.is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn module_reload_picks_up_changed_file_without_restart() {
+    use std::fs;
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("acord-reload-{}", std::process::id()));
+    let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    let file = dir.join("conf.cord");
+
+    let mut i = Interpreter::new();
+    i.add_module_path("conf", &file);
+
+    fs::write(&file, "let setting = 1").unwrap();
+    i.exec("use conf").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(i.get_var("setting"), Some(Value::Number(n)) if n == 1.0));
+
+    fs::write(&file, "let setting = 2").unwrap();
+    i.exec("use conf").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(i.get_var("setting"), Some(Value::Number(n)) if n == 2.0));
+
+    fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).ok();
+}
diff --git a/core/src/interp/token.rs b/core/src/interp/token.rs
index 444afeb..7c3b692 100644
--- a/core/src/interp/token.rs
+++ b/core/src/interp/token.rs
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ fn finalize_number(
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn tokenize(input: &str, spice: bool) -> Result<Vec<Token>, String> {
+pub fn tokenize(input: &str, spice: bool) -> Result<Vec<Token>, String> {
     let mut tokens = Vec::new();
     let chars: Vec<char> = input.chars().collect();
     let len = chars.len();